Abstand and ausbau languages

In sociolinguistics, an abstand language is a language variety or cluster of varieties with significant linguistic distance from all others, while an ausbau language is a standard variety, possibly with related dependent varieties. Heinz Kloss introduced these terms in 1952 to denote two separate and largely independent sets of criteria for recognizing a "language": one based on linguistic properties compared to related varieties (German: Abstand, IPA: [ˈʔapˌʃtant] , "distance") the other based on sociopolitical functions (German: Ausbau, IPA: [ˈʔaʊsˌbaʊ] , "expansion") This framework addresses situations in which multiple varieties from a dialect continuum have been standardized, so that they are commonly considered distinct languages even though they may be mutually intelligible.

Source: Wikipedia — Abstand and ausbau languages (CC BY-SA 4.0)