Academic ranks in Italy
Academic ranks in Italy are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. == Overview == Faculty (all these positions are tenured or tenure-track): Professore Emerito (full professor after retirement age whose high importance in academic field has been credited by the faculty council and approved by the Ministry of Higher Education: it is just an honorary title, although, in some cases, a Professore Emerito is allowed to keep his/her office for up to two years) Professore Ordinario, or more precisely: Professore di I fascia (full professor; tenured position) Professore Straordinario (a professor taking his/her three years of testing before being confirmed as full professor) Professore Associato, or more precisely: Professore di II fascia (associate professor; tenured position) Professore Associato non confermato : Professore di II fascia taking his/her three years of testing before being confirmed as Professore Associato) Professore aggregato (a faculty researcher with the appointment for a given course; tenured position) Ricercatore confermato (assistant professor or researcher; tenured position, no longer possible to assign after an Italian university reform in 2010) Ricercatore non confermato (assistant professor or researcher in tenure-track; a researcher taking his/her three years of testing before being confirmed as researcher; no position of Ricercatore non confermato can be created after an Italian university reform in 2010, but whoever achieved this role before will keep his right to be tenured after the first three years) Ricercatore a tempo determinato di tipo A/B (assistant professor of type A or B; a researcher on a three-year contract, type A is a limited-time contract with no possibility to become tenured; type B is similar, but not equivalent, to foreign tenure-tracks as it is the last step before tenure; no new positions of Ricercatore a tempo determinato di tipo A/B can be created from 2025, following a Ministry of University and Research reform approved in 2022 ) Ricercatore tenure-track (assistant professor in tenure track; defined by a 2022 Ministry of University and Research reform) Assistente (The former entry level of permanent positions before Ricercatore replaced it in the early 1980s.