Active measures
Active measures (Russian: активные мероприятия, romanized: aktivnye meropriyatiya, designated "executive action" by the U.S. Government) is a term used to describe political warfare conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. The term, which dates back to the 1920s, includes operations such as espionage, propaganda, sabotage, assassination, and the collection of kompromat for blackmail purposes based on the foreign policy objectives of the Soviet and Russian governments.