Afro-pessimism (Africa)
In African studies, Afro-pessimism refers to a view popularised in the late 1980s and early 1990s which expressed doubt about the possibility of sustainable peace, democratization, and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Afro-pessimism was coined by Michel Aurillac, French Minister of Cooperation, in an article for the Xinhua News Agency in 1988 as a pejorative term to criticise the pessimism among Africa's Western creditors.