Barton–Nackman trick
Barton–Nackman trick is a term coined by the C++ standardization committee (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 WG21) to refer to an idiom introduced by John Barton and Lee Nackman as restricted template expansion. == The idiom == The idiom is characterized by an in-class friend function definition appearing in the base class template component of the curiously recurring template pattern (CRTP).