Black Hand (Serbia)
Unification or Death (Serbian: Уједињење или смрт, romanized: Ujedinjenje ili smrt), popularly known as the Black Hand (Црна рука, Crna ruka), was a secret military society formed in May 1911 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia. It was famous for its alleged involvement in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914, triggering World War I, and for the earlier assassination of the Serbian royal couple in 1903, under the aegis of Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević (a.k.a.