Black orientalism
Black orientalism is an intellectual and cultural movement found primarily within African-American circles. While similar to the general movement of Orientalism in its negative outlook upon Western Asian and North African – especially Arab and Berber – culture and religion, it differs in both its emphasis upon the role of the trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, and the Coolie slave trade in the historic relationship between sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab – and greater Muslim – world, as well as a lack of colonial promotion over the Middle East and North Africa region as was promoted by European orientalism in the same region.