C3 policing
C3 policing ("C3" for "Counter Criminal Continuum"), also known as the Avghani model, is a crime prevention strategy for civilian law enforcement, loosely developed from military counterinsurgency strategies and currently used in the cities of Springfield and Chicopee in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The C3 policing model was created by Michael M. Cutone, a former United States Army Special Forces non-commissioned officer and Massachusetts State Police (MSP) trooper, around 2009.