Ecolinguistics
Ecolinguistics emerged in the 1990s as a new paradigm of linguistic research that widens sociolinguistics to take into account not only the social context in which language is embedded but also the wider ecological context, including other species and the physical environment. Michael Halliday's 1990 speech New ways of Meaning: the challenge to Applied Linguistics is often credited as a work that provided the stimulus for linguists to consider the ecological context and consequences of language.