Electro-slag remelting
Electroslag remelting (ESR), also known as electro-flux remelting, is a process of remelting and refining steel and other alloys for mission-critical applications in aircraft, thermal power stations, nuclear power plants, military technology and others. The electroslag remelting (ESR) process is used to remelt and refine steels and various super-alloys, resulting in high-quality ingots.