Environmental dumping
Environmental dumping can refer to two distinct but interrelated types of dumping: One is the trans-frontier shipment and improper disposal of hazardous waste (household waste, industrial/nuclear waste, etc.), and the second is environmentally harmful product dumping, the unethical marketing in and exporting to developing countries of new products that are inferior in economic, environmental, and technical performance, with these products often requiring the use of obsolete and/or hazardous chemicals. The export of used products (commercial buses and trucks, heavy equipment) with poor energy-efficiency and environmental performance also falls into this category of dumping as does products that are at or near end-of-life.