Equal channel angular extrusion
Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) called also equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one technique from the Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) group, aimed at producing Ultra Fine Grained (UFG) material. The method was developed in the Soviet Union in 1973 by Segal.
Source: Wikipedia — Equal channel angular extrusion (CC BY-SA 4.0)