Four Major Cases of the early Ming dynasty

The Four Major Cases of the early Ming dynasty (Chinese: 明初四大案; pinyin: Míngchū Sìdà'àn / Chinese: 明初四大獄; pinyin: Míngchū Sìdàyù) refer to the following mass executions and persecutions perpetrated by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) at the start of the Ming dynasty: Hu Weiyong case (Chinese: 胡惟庸案; pinyin: Hú Wéiyōng àn): resulted in the executions and deaths of Hu Weiyong, Li Shanchang, Liu Bowen and 30,000 other Chinese people Lan Yu case (Chinese: 藍玉案; pinyin: Lán Yù àn): resulted in the execution of Lan Yu and 15,000 other Chinese people, the prestamped documents case (Chinese: 空印案; pinyin: Kōngyìn àn), the Guo Huan case (Chinese: 郭桓案; pinyin: Guō Huán àn). As they occurred during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, they were also called the Four Major Cases of the Hongwu era (Chinese: 洪武四大案; pinyin: Hóngwǔ Sìdà'àn / Chinese: 洪武四大獄; pinyin: Hóngwǔ Sìdàyù).

Source: Wikipedia — Four Major Cases of the early Ming dynasty (CC BY-SA 4.0)