Fractional vortices
In a standard superconductor, described by a complex field fermionic condensate wave function (denoted | Ψ | e i ϕ {\displaystyle |\Psi |e^{i\phi }} ), vortices carry quantized magnetic fields because the condensate wave function | Ψ | e i ϕ {\displaystyle |\Psi |e^{i\phi }} is invariant to increments of the phase ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } by 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } . There a winding of the phase ϕ {\displaystyle {\phi }} by 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } creates a vortex which carries one flux quantum.