Galder (incantation)
In old Germanic culture, a galder (lit. 'gale-der, yell-der'; Old English: ġealdor, galdor, Middle English: galder; Old Norse: galdr; Old High German: galdar, galstar), among other forms in old Germanic languages, refers to a spell or incantation; these were usually performed in combination with certain rites. During the Middle Ages, the term galder often became synonymous with "witchcraft" and "magic" as a whole.