Gandhara
Gandhara (IAST: Gandhāra) was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilisation located in present-day northwestern Pakistan and northeastern Afghanistan. The core of the region of Gandhara was the Valley of Peshawar, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus River to Taxila and westwards into the Kabul Valley as far as Bamyan, and northwards up to the Karakoram range, including Swat, Bajaur and other valleys.