Geodesic curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the geodesic curvature k g {\displaystyle k_{g}} of a curve γ {\displaystyle \gamma } measures how far the curve is from being a geodesic. For example, for 1D curves on a 2D surface embedded in 3D space, it is the curvature of the curve projected onto the surface's tangent plane.