Grand vizier
Grand vizier (Arabic: الوزير الأعظم, romanized: al-Wazir al-a'zam; Ottoman Turkish: صدر اعظم, romanized: sadr-ı aʾzam; Turkish: sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate.