Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaŋ koˈlombja] , "Great Colombia"), also known as Greater Colombia and officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia), was the Colombian state that encompassed much of northern South America and parts of Central America from 1819 to 1831. It included present-day Colombia, mainland Ecuador (i.e., excluding the Galápagos Islands), Panama, and Venezuela, parts of northern Peru, northwestern Brazil, and claimed the Essequibo region.