Starting out as a seasonal Tuareg or Berber settlement in the late 11th or early 12th century AD, Timbuktu became a permanent settlement either in the 13th or early 14th century. After a shift in trading routes in the later 14th century, the town flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves from several towns and states such as Begho of Bonoman, Sijilmassa, and other Saharan cities.
Starting out as a seasonal Tuareg or Berber settlement in the late 11th or early 12th century AD, Timbuktu became a permanent settlement either in the 13th or early 14th century. After a shift in trading routes in the later 14th century, the town flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves from several towns and states such as Begho of Bonoman, Sijilmassa, and other Saharan cities.
Source: Wikipedia "History of Timbuktu" · CC BY-SA 4.0
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