History of antisemitism
The history of antisemitism, defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group, goes back many centuries, being called "the longest hatred". Jerome Chanes identifies six stages in the historical development of antisemitism: Pre-Christian anti-Judaism in Ancient Greece and Rome that was primarily ethnic in nature Christian antisemitism in antiquity and the Middle Ages that was religious in nature and has extended into modern times Muslim antisemitism that was—at least in its classical form—nuanced, where Jews had dhimmi status.