Hohlraum
In radiation thermodynamics, a Hohlraum (German: [ˈhoːlˌʁaʊ̯m] ; a non-specific German word for a "hollow space", "empty room", or "cavity") is a cavity whose walls are in radiative equilibrium with the radiant energy within the cavity. First proposed by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 and used in the study of black-body radiation (Hohlraumstrahlung), this idealized cavity can be approximated in practice by a hollow container of any opaque material.