Insurrectionary communes in France in 1870–1871

The insurrectionary communes in France in 1870–1871 were communes distinguished by their refusal to acquiesce to two significant events: first, France's capitulation to Bismarck, and second, the submission to the authority of the Versailles government. In their stead, these communes espoused a new organization of the French Republic predicated on direct democracy, otherwise designated as communism.

Source: Wikipedia — Insurrectionary communes in France in 1870–1871 (CC BY-SA 4.0)