Black International
The International Workingmen's Association, historiographically known as the Black International to distinguish it from the preceding First International (1864–1872) and Anti-authoritarian International (1872–1881), was an international anarchist organization founded, or reconstituted, at the London Congress (1881). The organization, which dissolved all visible structures of the Anti-authoritarian International except for a central correspondence bureau held by Errico Malatesta, Johann Sebastian Trunk, and Nikolai Tchaikovsky, and for which the influence of Johann Most was decisive, engaged in a series of insurrectionary and propaganda of the deed activities during the 1880s designed to launch a global revolution.