Jiao (Chinese character: 郊; Min Nan Chinese: Kau; pinyin: Jiao), also known as Jiao-shang (郊商), Hang-jiao (行郊), and also known as Ding-shou (頂手) and Jiu-Ba-hang (九八行), was a commercial guild organization that spread throughout Taiwan during the Qing dynasty. The members of the organization were mostly ship merchants or merchants who settled in ports.
Jiao (Chinese character: 郊; Min Nan Chinese: Kau; pinyin: Jiao), also known as Jiao-shang (郊商), Hang-jiao (行郊), and also known as Ding-shou (頂手) and Jiu-Ba-hang (九八行), was a commercial guild organization that spread throughout Taiwan during the Qing dynasty. The members of the organization were mostly ship merchants or merchants who settled in ports.
Source: Wikipedia "Jiao (commercial guild)" · CC BY-SA 4.0
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