Lambda-CDM model
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy; the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM; ordinary matter. It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology, as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of: the existence and structure of the cosmic microwave background; the large-scale structure in the distribution of galaxies; the observed abundances of hydrogen (including deuterium), helium, and lithium; the accelerating expansion of the universe observed in the light from distant galaxies and supernovae.