Landau theory
Landau theory (also known as Ginzburg–Landau theory (GL), and Ginzburg–Landau-Devonshire theory (GLD), despite the confusing names) in physics is a theory that Lev Landau (and Vitaly Ginzburg and Albert Frederick Devonshire) introduced in an attempt to formulate a general theory of continuous (i.e., second-order) phase transitions. It can also be adapted to systems under externally-applied fields, and used as a quantitative model for discontinuous (i.e., first-order) transitions.