Latvian national awakening

The Latvian National Awakening (Latvian: latviešu [or latvju] tautas atmoda) refers to three distinct but ideologically related national revival movements: the First Awakening refers to the national revival led by the Young Latvians from the 1850s to the 1880s the Second Awakening or "New Current" was the movement that led to the proclamation of Latvian independence in 1918 the Third Awakening was the movement that led to the restoration of Latvia's independence in the "Singing Revolution" of 1987–1991 == Application of the term == Although the term "Awakening" was introduced by the Young Latvians, its application was influenced by the nationalist ideologue Ernests Blanks and later by the academician Jānis Stradiņš. Stradiņš was the first person to use the term "Third Awakening" (at the expanded plenum of the Writers' Union of the Latvian SSR in June 1988), opposing those who had begun to call the national revival in the period of glasnost the Second Awakening (the first being that of the Young Latvians).

Source: Wikipedia — Latvian national awakening (CC BY-SA 4.0)