Lebensreform
Lebensreform (German pronunciation: [ˈleːbn̩sˌʁeˈfɔʁm] ; 'life reform' in English) is a German term that serves as an umbrella for various social reform movements that have emerged since the mid-19th century, particularly originating from Germany and Switzerland. In their early days, these movements were predominantly supported by the burgher class (Bürgerstand, urban residents), particularly the urban intellectuals, and were characterised by common features such as the critique of industrialisation, materialism, and urbanisation, coupled with a desire to return to a natural state of living.