Liouville function
In number theory, the Liouville function, named after French mathematician Joseph Liouville and denoted λ ( n ) {\displaystyle \lambda (n)} , is an important arithmetic function. Its value is 1 {\displaystyle 1} if n {\displaystyle n} is the product of an even number of prime numbers, and − 1 {\displaystyle -1} if it is the product of an odd number of prime numbers.