List of sovereign states by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms, based on data published by the World Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). == Definition == According to the World Bank: “Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit.

Source: Wikipedia — List of sovereign states by research and development spending (CC BY-SA 4.0)