Literary Chinese in Vietnam

Literary Chinese (Vietnamese: Hán văn, văn ngôn; chữ Hán: 漢文, 文言) was the medium of all formal writing in Vietnam for almost all of the country's history until the early 20th century, when it was replaced by vernacular writing in Vietnamese using the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet. Literary Chinese was the official language of Vietnamese governments (except the Hồ and Tây Sơn dynasties) until it was replaced by the French language in 1884.

Source: Wikipedia — Literary Chinese in Vietnam (CC BY-SA 4.0)