Lymphatic malformations
Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital, benign slow-flow vascular malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormally dilated lymphatic vessels that do not connect properly to the normal lymphatic circulation. These malformations represent developmental anomalies that occur during embryonic lymphatic system formation and are primarily caused by somatic activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene, found in approximately 75-80% of cases.