Mach–Zehnder interferometer
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single source. The interferometer has been used, among other things, to measure phase shifts between the two beams caused by a sample or a change in length of one of the paths.
Source: Wikipedia — Mach–Zehnder interferometer (CC BY-SA 4.0)