Matrix equivalence
In linear algebra, two rectangular m-by-n matrices A and B are called equivalent if B = Q − 1 A P {\displaystyle B=Q^{-1}AP} for some invertible n-by-n matrix P and some invertible m-by-m matrix Q. Equivalent matrices represent the same linear transformation V → W under two different choices of a pair of bases of V and W, with P and Q being the change of basis matrices in V and W respectively. The notion of equivalence should not be confused with that of similarity, which is only defined for square matrices, and is much more restrictive (similar matrices are certainly equivalent, but equivalent square matrices need not be similar).