Mixed Courts of Egypt
The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction.