Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research

The Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research or S.P.N.D. (Persian: سازمان پژوهش‌های نوین دفاعی, romanized: Sazman-e Pazhouheshhaye Novin-e Defa’i and abbreviated سازمان سپند) is a research and development agency of Iran's Ministry of Defence responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. According to Iranian media, it is the Iranian counterpart of the American DARPA. == History == According to the US, it was established in 2011.

Source: Wikipedia — Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research (CC BY-SA 4.0)