Orthogonal complement
In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and functional analysis, the orthogonal complement of a subspace W {\displaystyle W} of a vector space V {\displaystyle V} equipped with a bilinear form B {\displaystyle B} is the set W ⊥ {\displaystyle W^{\perp }} of all vectors in V {\displaystyle V} that are orthogonal to every vector in W {\displaystyle W} . Informally, it is called the perp, short for perpendicular complement.