Pôle de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur

French university associations known as "pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur" (PRES; English: centers for research and higher education) were a form of higher-level organization for universities and other institutions established by French law in effect from 2007 to 2013. The 2013 Law on Higher Education and Research (France) discontinued the PRES; these have been largely replaced by the new Communities of Universities and Institutions (French translation abbreviated COMUE).

Source: Wikipedia — Pôle de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur (CC BY-SA 4.0)