Bolivian–Peruvian territorial dispute
The Bolivian–Peruvian territorial dispute was a territorial dispute between Bolivia and Peru that lasted from the former's independence in 1825 to the signing of the Polo–Bustamante Treaty in 1909. == Spanish era == On November 20, 1542, in Barcelona, King Charles I of Spain ordered, by Royal Decree, the creation of the Viceroyalties of Peru and New Spain.
Source: Wikipedia — Bolivian–Peruvian territorial dispute (CC BY-SA 4.0)