Pseudorapidity
In experimental particle physics, pseudorapidity, η {\displaystyle \eta } , is a commonly used spatial coordinate representing the angle of a particle relative to the beam axis. It is defined as η ≡ − ln [ tan ( θ 2 ) ] , {\displaystyle \eta \equiv -\ln \left[\tan \left({\frac {\theta }{2}}\right)\right],} where θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the angle between the particle three-momentum p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } and the positive direction of the beam axis.