Quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework

The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework describes interactions within a knowledge economy, involving universities, industry, government – the triple helix model of innovation – complemented by the public – in a quadruple helix – and the environment – in a quintuple helix. == History == In innovation helix framework theory, first developed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff and used in innovation economics and theories of knowledge, such as the knowledge society and the knowledge economy, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions.

Source: Wikipedia — Quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework (CC BY-SA 4.0)