Quakers in science
William Allen – more known for abolitionism and penal reform; a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Linnean Society of London James Backhouse – botanist and missionary; author abbreviation "Backh" Wilson Baker – organic chemist John Bartram – described as the "father of American botany"; founded Bartram Botanical Gardens in Kingsessing on the bank of the Schuylkill River Anna McClean Bidder – marine zoologist and first president of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge Kenneth E. Boulding – systems theorist and economist Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain – neurologist known for Brain's reflex; became a Quaker in 1931 and gave the Swarthmore Lecture in 1944, "Man, Society and Religion", in which he stressed the importance of a social conscience Jocelyn Bell Burnell – discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis advisor Antony Hewish; raised Quaker in Northern Ireland; volunteered in local and national Quaker activities up to at least the 1970s; her Swarthmore Lecture was titled "Broken for Life"; still an active Quaker John Cassin – ornithologist Ezra Townsend Cresson – entomologist Peter Collinson – botanist with some interest in electricity; his family belonged to the Gracechurch meeting of the Religious Society of Friends Edward Drinker Cope – early paleontologist who took part in the Bone Wars and for whom Cope's Rule is named John Dalton – taught at a Quaker school, but is best known for work in atomic theory. Jeremiah Dixon – surveyor and astronomer known for the Mason–Dixon line Henry Doubleday – horticulturist and lace designer Arthur Stanley Eddington – astrophysicist known especially for the Eddington experiment and as a populariser of science, active in the Quaker Guild of Teachers, attended meetings regularly; his Swarthmore Lecture was titled "Science and the Unseen World" George Ellis – co-authored The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time with University of Cambridge physicist Stephen Hawking; won the 2004 Templeton Prize and got involved with the Quaker Service Fund John Fothergill – physician and botanist; Fothergilla (witch alder) is named for him Robert Were Fox the Younger – geologist active in the early days of the British Association for the Advancement of Science Ursula Franklin – metallurgist and physicist George Graham – clockmaker and geophysicist who discovered the diurnal variation of the terrestrial magnetic field John Gummere – astronomer Richard Harlan – naturalist Thomas Hodgkin – lived in the more ultra-orthodox era of Quakerism so wore plain clothes and spoke in a formal manner; Hodgkin's disease is named for him Rush D. Holt, Jr.