Rugosity
Rugosity, fr, is a measure of small-scale variations of amplitude in the height of a surface, f r = A r / A g {\displaystyle f_{\text{r}}=A_{\text{r}}/A_{\text{g}}} where Ar is the real (true, actual) surface area and Ag is the macroscopic geometric surface area. == Utility == Rugosity calculations are commonly used in materials science to characterize surfaces, amongst others, in marine science to characterize seafloor habitats.