Schrieffer–Wolff transformation
In quantum mechanics, the Schrieffer–Wolff transformation is a unitary transformation used to determine an effective (often low-energy) Hamiltonian by decoupling weakly interacting subspaces. Using a perturbative approach, the transformation can be constructed such that the interaction between the two subspaces vanishes up to the desired order in the perturbation.
Source: Wikipedia — Schrieffer–Wolff transformation (CC BY-SA 4.0)