Sekihairitsu
Sekihairitsu (惜敗率; literally the "narrow loss ratio", sometimes translated as "ratio of margin of defeat", "best loser calculation" or "second-chance rule") is a method used in the proportional representation (PR) constituencies ("blocks") for the Japanese House of Representatives to determine the order of candidates placed on the same list position by their party. Under the PR system introduced in the 1996 general election for 176 (initially 200) of the House of Representatives' 465 (initially 500) seats, political parties are free to nominate candidates running or not running concurrently in one of the 289 single-member first-past-the-post electoral districts.