Seven Bridges of Königsberg
The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a historical puzzle asking for a walking tour through the bridges of the city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad in Russia) that is a circuit ending where it started. Its mathematical formalization and proof of impossibility by Leonhard Euler, in 1736, laid the foundations of graph theory and foreshadowed the idea of topology.
Source: Wikipedia — Seven Bridges of Königsberg (CC BY-SA 4.0)