Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor
A Shack–Hartmann (or Hartmann–Shack) wavefront sensor (SHWFS) is an optical detector used for measuring electromagnetic wavefronts. It is a wavefront sensor commonly used in adaptive optics systems and as a non-interferometric metrology tool.
Source: Wikipedia — Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (CC BY-SA 4.0)