Singular value decomposition
In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix into a rotation, followed by a scaling, followed by another rotation. It generalizes the eigendecomposition of a square normal matrix with an orthonormal eigenbasis to any m × n {\displaystyle m\times n} matrix.
Source: Wikipedia — Singular value decomposition (CC BY-SA 4.0)