Spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a biological process that adjusts the strength of synaptic connections between neurons based on the relative timing of their action potentials (or spikes). It is a temporally sensitive form of synaptic plasticity, meaning that the efficiency of synaptic transmission is modified by the timing of neural activity.
Source: Wikipedia — Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (CC BY-SA 4.0)